作者：張豪 張華
從近年NMET試題來看,有些單項填空題結構比較復雜,有的與其他句子很容易混淆,導致失誤。這時如果我們注意分析句法,一定會有利于答題:
一、搞清句子成分
英語中的主要成分有主語、謂語和賓語,還有定語、狀語、表語、補語等附加成分。句子成分既不能殘缺也不能多余。如:
The letter they looked forward to ________ at last.
A. arrive B. arrived C. arriving D. had arrived
分析:該題若僅根據look forward to而選擇C,則整個句子缺少謂語。實際上,they looked forward to為定語,修飾The letter,主句缺少謂語動詞,故選擇B。
二、辨清句子類型
從結構上看英語中的句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復合句;根據其作用,句子又可分為陳述句、感嘆句、疑問句、否定句、祈使句等。在答題時分清句子的結構和作用對答題十分重要。如:
1. ________ it with me and I'll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving
C. If you leave D. Leave
分析:由句中的and可以斷定應該選擇一個不帶連詞的句子(非謂語動詞不是句子)。事實上,該題考查的是"祈使句+and+陳述句"句式。答案為D。
2. -Sorry, Joe. I didn't mean to...
-Don't call me "Joe". I'm Mr. Parker to you, and ________ you forget it!
A. do B. didn't C. did D. don't
分析:句中的"!"說明此處應是感嘆句或祈使句,并非是問句。此處應選D,Don't you forget it!為祈使句的否定句,表示"不高興","厭煩","鄙視"等色彩。因此,該題答案為D。
三、識別一些常見句式或結構
英語中許多句子都以一定的結構或句式出現,如強調句、含形式主語或形式賓語的句子、倒裝句、there be句式及各種從句等。在做題時不能見到某句型的特征就馬上認定是什么句型,從而按該句型的特點和用法去解題。如:
The children are having a good time, ________ with sand, others with toys.
A. some of them playing
B. who playing
C. some of whom are playing
D. some of them
分析:該題很容易誤選C。從后面的...others with toys來看,"________ with sand"應該與之并行,同為獨立主格結構,并非是定語從句。答案為A。
下面摘抄一些試題,供同學們演練:
1. The cat is the only one of her pets Jane will have ________ on her bed.
A. it sleep B. it sleeping
C. it slept D. sleeping
2.________ , we had to walk home last night.
A. There's no bus
B. There was no bus
C. Being no bus
D. There being no bus
3. a. There is such an interesting story ________ all the boys like to read.
b. There is such an interesting story ________ all the boys like to read it.
A. as B. that C. which D. /
4. a. He got lost in the forest and made matters worse was that it was getting dark.
b. He got lost in the forest, ________ made matters worse.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
5. ________ is no need to turn off the radio since I've got used to working with it on.
A. It B. That C. There D. This
6. a. He came late. That's ________ he didn't catch the early bus.
b. He didn't catch the early bus. That's he came late.
A. because B. why
C. that D. the reason for
7. -You've booked on a four o'clock flight?
-What chance ________ of taking an earlier plane?
A. there is B. is it C. there it is D. is there
8. a. His father died, ________ him a lot of money.
b. His father died, and ________ him a lot of money.
A. leaving B. left C. being left D. to leave
9. a. Is this very factory ________ you visited last year?
b. Is this the very factory ________ you visited last year?
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
10. -We haven't heard from Jane recently.
-What do you think _____ to her?
A. was happening B. to happen C. of happening D. has happened
[答案與簡析]
1. D 2. D 3. a. A(定語從句) b. B(結果狀語從句)4. a. B(主語從句) b. A(非限定性定語從句) 5. C 6. a. A(because后接原因) b. B(why后接結果) 7. D 8. a. A(現在分詞短語作結果狀語) b. B(并列句) 9. a. D(the one作表語) b. A 10. D