一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.單詞
fortunate, require, steady, glance, gain, actual, loose, pause, aloud , calm, flight, reception
2.短語(yǔ)
keep one’s balance 保持平衡 catch on 絆住，鉤住
require sth. of sb. 對(duì)某人要求…… lose one’s voice 失音；噪子啞
do/perform gymnastics做/表演體操 in actual fact 事實(shí)上
in a flash 一剎那間 hold out 伸出(手等)；堅(jiān)持
the moment 一……就…… break off 打斷；折斷
glance over the shoulder回頭一瞥；回望一眼
for fear that 恐怕的是……以防
3.句型
It was time for her performance on the high and low bars.
He recognized me the moment/minute/instant/immediately/directly/as soon as he saw me.
Something may have happened to her.
It is not like her to have missed two days of class.
On his arrival he went straight to the counter.
4.語(yǔ)法
復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致和賓語(yǔ)從句。
復(fù)習(xí)間接引語(yǔ)。
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.Something may have happened to her. She might have had an accident.
兩句中都用的“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may/might +完成時(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)，有以下用法：
①may/might + have + 過(guò)去分詞表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某動(dòng)作“可能”發(fā)生了。如：
I can’t find my sunglasses, I may/might have left them at the
restaurant yesterday.
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，may和might兩者意思上沒(méi)什么區(qū)別，只是may比might表示的可能性大些。如：
He may have heard of it from Jack.
He might have heard of it from Jack.
在下列情況下，may和might 用法有區(qū)別：
句子的主要?jiǎng)釉~是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中用may/might;
句子的主要?jiǎng)釉~是過(guò)去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中只用might.如：
He says that she may/might have misunderstood him.
He said that she might have misunderstood him.
②might + have + 過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)本來(lái)可能發(fā)生而實(shí)際并未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的感嘆或遺憾含有“責(zé)備”、“抱怨”之意，而may + 完成時(shí)無(wú)此含義。如：
You might have told us earlier.
This medicine might have cured your cough
2.must + have + 過(guò)去分詞
表示推測(cè)過(guò)去某動(dòng)作“一定發(fā)生了”。如：
-They quarrelled quite often and whenever they quarrelled they threw glasscup at each other.
-They must have broken a lot of glasses.
3.fall over意為“跌倒”，“跌跤”。如：
When he was skating, he fell over some times.
4.It was in Greece that Olympic competitions started.
這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It be + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that-clause.該句型可以對(duì)一個(gè)句子里的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)（介短或從句）進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。
5.n.+ being performed in China.
該結(jié)構(gòu)中being performed 是動(dòng)記號(hào)-ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，在一句子中用在名詞之后，作定語(yǔ)。它常可改寫(xiě)成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：
The prices of the TV sets being shown(= which are shown)are still unknown.
6.prepare sb.for…
該短語(yǔ)意為“使某人對(duì)……進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備”。如：
Mother is preparing me for my journey.
prepare 作為動(dòng)詞，既是及物動(dòng)詞，又是不及物動(dòng)詞且常與for連用。如：
Mother asked my sister to prepare lunch.
7.preform exercises to music.
短語(yǔ)意為“伴隨音樂(lè)做體操”，從中可知“do sth. to music”判決書(shū)為“伴隨音樂(lè)做某事”。如：
She likes dancing to music.
她喜歡隨著音樂(lè)跳舞。
8.There are safety measures to follow while training.
該句意為“訓(xùn)練時(shí)必須遵守安全措施”，這句話里應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)：
①while training 是從屬連詞與分詞連用，在句子中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。結(jié)構(gòu)“when/while + -ing 或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)”的使用條件是：
when/while 從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)相同。如：
You should have dropped in on me when staying here.
除了when/while 外，其他的從屬連詞如if，as if, though, as
before,after等，也有這樣的用法。如：
If heated, ice can be turned into water.
②to follow 是不定式做定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞measures,是主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。在There be 句型中，用不定式做的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，即就是不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，也常用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如：
There is a lot of work to do.
9.think to oneself
該動(dòng)賓詞組意為“心里想”。如：
She was thinking to herself how cold the room was.
Think aloud意為“自言自語(yǔ)”（=talk to oneself）。如：
He stood there with his lips moving as if he talked to
himself/thought aloud.
10.the moment主語(yǔ) +Ｖ。
此結(jié)構(gòu)中，the moment 用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一……就……”（=as soon as）。相同意思和用法的表達(dá)形式還有：the minute, the instant 和the second。如：
Telephone me the moment you get the results.
11.break off
該短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意思是“中斷說(shuō)話”，“暫時(shí)停止”。如：
He broke off in the middle of a sentence.
break sth.off/break off sth. with sb.
前者意為“（使）折斷”，后者意為“與某人突然斷絕（關(guān)系）”。如：
The mast broke off /was broken off when the ship was moving.
12.be busy doing sth.
該結(jié)構(gòu)意為“忙于做某事”。應(yīng)注意的是be busy 后只能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式，不能接動(dòng)詞不定式to do,相同結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞還有worth。如：
①He is busy writing his composition.
②She keeps busy working on a new novel these weeks.
③This book is well worth seeing.
13.The first thing she did was go up to her trainer…and thank her…
該句中，go up to…是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)，省略了不定式符號(hào)to,這是因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z(yǔ)被定語(yǔ)從句she did修飾的緣故。語(yǔ)法規(guī)定，解釋doing 精確意思的分句，可用不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。如：
What I can do is (to)help him (to)clean the floor.
14.at the doctor’s
該結(jié)構(gòu)為介詞+名詞所有格，意為“在診所”。所有格-’s后一般接名詞，如her mother’s bike ,但有時(shí)這個(gè)名詞可省略，主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個(gè)方面：
①指一個(gè)企業(yè)，機(jī)構(gòu)，教堂，學(xué)校，醫(yī)院，家庭，理發(fā)店，店鋪時(shí)。如：
She is at the hairdresser’s.
②為了避免重復(fù)，省略-’s后的名詞。如：
I have read some of Shaw’s plays,but none of Shakespeare’s.
15.knock into
該短語(yǔ)意為“把……敲人” ，也可意譯為“撞著某人/某物”如：
①The wall is so hard I can’t knock nails into it.
②He was reading while he eas walking and knocked into a tree.
16.it looks as if…
意為“看起來(lái)好像……”，as if可用as though替換，在此引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，另外它們也可引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，從句既可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
①I(mǎi)t looks as if /though it’s going to rain.（陳述語(yǔ)氣）
②You look as if you’d seen a ghost.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣）
17. It’s (just)like sb. to do sth.
該句意思是“某人（恰恰）就是……這個(gè)樣子”，表示贊揚(yáng)或不滿；若用否定式，則表示懷疑。如：
It is just like her to think of others before thinking of herself.
18.in a flash
該介賓詞組意為“轉(zhuǎn)眼間”，“突然間”，“瞬間�！比纾�
In a flash. I realized where we had met before.
19.on one’s arrival…
該詞組意為“一到達(dá)……就……”（= on arriving…）。如：
On her arrival she helped me to prepare supper.
20.with fear
該介詞短語(yǔ)意為“由于害怕”，with + n.有時(shí)用來(lái)表示原因，其中的n.常是表示情感的名詞。
如：Her face turned pale with fear.
21.by name
該介賓詞組的意思是“名叫……”；“憑名字”。如：
①He met a man, John by name.
②I knew him only by name.
22.Training by yourself in a game can be highly dangerous.
句中情態(tài)